Energy & Fuels, Vol.33, No.6, 5438-5451, 2019
Evaluation of Polymer-Assisted Carbonated Water Injection in Sandstone Reservoir: Absorption Kinetics, Rheology, and Oil Recovery Results
The efficacy of carbonated water injection (CWI) is associated with weak CO2 absorption in water, and the resulting CWI does not meet the requirements of controlled CO2 mobility and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). High molecular weight oilfield polymer, e.g., polyacrylamide (PAM), is water-soluble and often used in water shut-off and mobility control applications. Thus, in this study, PAM, with concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 g/L), as a viscosifier is used to improve the CO2 absorption capacity of water for possible implementation in CWI applications. PAM with intermediate concentration (1 g/L) was favorable for enhanced CO2 absorption with a retention period of 4 days in water. With high PAM concentration (2.0 g/L), CO2 absorption reduced and gas in the form of globules moderately absorbed in the upper layers of P-1 solution, resulting in a significant amount of aqueous phase left unabsorbed by CO2. At high PAM concentration, enough number of PAM chains were available to interact with CO2 and, as a result, solution received premature gelling that resisted further entry of CO2. The effect of stirring on CO2 absorption showed that the rate of stirring increases the amount of CO2 absorbed in P-1 solution. These observations were supported by rheological data which showed that CO2 absorption reduced the viscosity of the P-1 solution, and the decrease in viscosity is directly proportional to the amount of CO2 absorbed. Finally, oil recovery experiments were performed using P-1 solution with and without CO2 and compared with water. The oil recovery was found to be higher for P-1 solution prepared with 600 rpm. Thus, this study highlights the application of relatively common oilfield polymer PAM (<= 1 g/L) for enhanced CO2 absorption and improved oil recovery than conventional CWI, which recommends use of polymer enhanced carbonated water injection (PE-CWI) in oil and gas industry.