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Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.118, No.27, 6335-6344, 1996
The Macrobicyclic Cryptate Effect in the Gas-Phase
The alkali cation (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) binding properties of cryptands [2.1.1], [2.2.1], and [2.2.2] were investigated under solvent-free, gas-phase conditions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The alkali cations serve as size probes for the cryptand cavities. All three cryptands readily form 1:1 alkali cation complexes, Ligand-metal(2:1) complexes of [2.1.1] with K+, Rb+, and Cs+, and of [2.2.1] with Rb+ and Cs+ were observed, but no 2:1 complexes of [2.2.2] were seen, consistent with formation of "inclusive" rather than "exclusive" complexes when the binding cavity of the ligand is large enough to accommodate the metal cation.
Keywords:ALKALI-METAL ION;RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY;NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE;MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS;CROWN-ETHERS;BINDING-ENERGIES;ACYCLIC ANALOGS;MACROCYCLE INTERACTION;CATION AFFINITIES;WATER MOLECULE