High optical temperature sensing properties based on rare-earth-doped (K,Na)NbO3-based ferro-/piezoelectrics have attracted much attention due to their potential application in novel optoelectronic devices. Here, we fabricated Ho3+-doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-SrTiO3 transparent ceramics by conventional pressureless sintering. Their microstructures, transmittances, up-conversion photoluminescence, and optical temperature sensing properties have been characterized in details. Because of the cubic-like phase, dense, and fine-grained structure as well as relaxor-like feature, the ceramics exhibit high transmittance (70%) in the near-infrared region. Owing to Ho3+, green and red up-conversion emissions have been observed, which can be easily modulated by temperature. The ceramics have stable emission colors (<200 degrees C) and superior temperature-modulating emission color-tunable performance (>200 degrees C). Furthermore, the temperature sensing behavior based on the thermally coupled levels (F-5(4), S-5(2)) of Ho3+ has been analyzed by a fluorescence intensity ratio technique. The transparent ceramics possess outstanding optical temperature sensitivity (0.0096/K at 550 K), higher than most rare-earth-doped materials (e.g., ceramics, glasses, and phosphors).