A Study of Silica Reinforced Rubber Composites with Eco-Friendly Processing Aids for Pneumatic Tires

Dongju Lee; Sung Ho Song

Macromolecular Research, Vol.27, No.9, 850-856, September, 2019

DOI10.1007/s13233-019-7125-1 Export Citation

A Study of Silica Reinforced Rubber Composites with Eco-Friendly Processing Aids for Pneumatic Tires

Dongju Lee, and Sung Ho Song^{1, †}

Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea
¹Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Chungnam, Korea

E-mail:

The conventional carbon black filler, used in tread formulations, is being replaced with silica with the development of “green tires” in the tire industry. For this, the addition of a processing aid containing zinc ion was required as a dispersing agent and lubricant However, zink being a heavy metal, zinc-free processing aids (ZFAs) are needed to satisfy global environmental issues. Therefore, this study pre sented a series of catalytically synthesized ZFAs and studied the effects of replacing “Y” zinc-containing processing aids (ZCAs) in a silica tread compounds. Interestingly, the rubber composite replacing ZCAs with ZFAs in 2 phr (parts per hundred rubber) improved both its tensile strength and elongation by as much as 31% and 20%, respectively. In addition, the rubber compounds with ZFAs exhibited a two-fold i enhancement in fatigue properties over those with ZCAs. Furthermore, pneumatic tires were fabricated from the rubber compounds containing ZFAs and compared against tires with ZCAs. The tires containing ZFAs rubber composite showed enhanced dry and wet braking and rolling resistance due to enhanced dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix. These results show that rubber composites prepared with ZFAs maybe promising in tire engineering applications.

Keywords:zinc-free processing aids;silica;tire;styrene butadiene rubber;mechanical properties

[References]

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Lee SP, Kwon OS, Kang YG, Song SH, Plast. Rubber Compos., 45, 382 (2016)
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Song SH, Kim JM, Park KH, Lee DJ, Kwon OS, Kim J, Yoon H, Chen X, RSC Adv., 5, 81707 (2015)
Guo K, Liu Q, Vehicle Systm Dynamics, 27, 83 (2007)
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Ikeda Y, Katoh A, Shimanuki J, Kohjiya S, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 25(12), 1186 (2004)
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[1] Song SH, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 134, 45376 (2017)

[2] Song SH, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 217, 2617 (2016)

[3] Lee SP, Kwon OS, Kang YG, Song SH, Plast. Rubber Compos., 45, 382 (2016)

[4] Li Y, Han B, Liu L, Zhang F, Zhang L, Wen S, Lu Y, Yang H, Shen J, Compos. Sci. Technol., 88, 69 (2013)

[5] Lin Y, Liu S, Peng J, Liu L, Compos. Part A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 86, 19 (2016)

[6] Kim K, Lee JY, Choi BJ, Seo B, Kwag GH, Paik HJ, Kim W, Compos. Interfaces, 21, 685 (2014)

[7] Ansarifar MA, Nanapoolsin T, Jain A, J. Rubb. Res., 5, 11 (2002)

[8] Wolff S, Gorl U, Wang MJ, Woflf W, Eur. Rubb. J., 16, 16 (1994)

[9] Ansarifar A, Wnag L, Ellis RJ, Kirtley SP, Rubber Chem. Technol., 79, 39 (2006)

[10] Ansarifar A, Wang L, Ellis RJ, Kirtley SP, Riyazuddin N, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 105(2), 322 (2007)

[11] Kim KJ, VanderKooi J, J. Indust. Eng. Chem., 8, 334 (2002)

[12] Kim KJ, White JL, J. Indust. Eng. Chem., 6, 372 (2000)

[13] Eskandar NG, Simovic S, Prestidge CA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 358(1), 217 (2011)

[14] Simovic S, Prestidge CA, Langmuir, 19(9), 3785 (2003)

[15] Vilmin F, Bottero I, Travert A, Malicki N, Gaboriaud F, Trivella A, Thibault-Starzyk F, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 4056 (2014)

[16] Qu L, Yu G, Xie X, Wang L, Li J, Zhao Q, Polym. Compos., 34, 1575 (2013)

[17] Yatsuyanagi F, Suuzki N, Ito M, Kdaoiu H, Polym. J., 34, 332 (2002)

[18] Brinker CJ, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 100, 31 (1988)

[19] Cotrlain BK, Kelts LW, Adv. Chem. Ser., 234, 403 (1994)

[20] Nassor ECDO, Avila LR, Pereira PFDS, Ciuffi KJ, Calefi PS, Nassar EJ, Mater. Res., 14, 1 (2011)

[21] Flanigan CM, Beyer L, Klekamp D, Rohweder D, Stuck B, Terrill ER, Rubber World, 245, 18 (2012)

[22] Kwon OS, Lee D, Lee SP, Kang YG, Kim NC, Song SH, RSC Adv., 6, 59970 (2016)

[23] Song SH, Kim JM, Park KH, Lee DJ, Kwon OS, Kim J, Yoon H, Chen X, RSC Adv., 5, 81707 (2015)

[24] Guo K, Liu Q, Vehicle Systm Dynamics, 27, 83 (2007)

[25] Ciulli E, P. I. Mech. Eng. D-J. Aut., 2016, 4 (1992).

[26] Ikeda Y, Katoh A, Shimanuki J, Kohjiya S, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 25(12), 1186 (2004)

[27] Jouault N, Vallat P, Dalmas F, Said S, Jestin J, Boue F, Macromolecules, 42(6), 2031 (2009)