This work presents a study on the synthesis of nanostructure carbon materials by the solvothermal method. Carbon materials with different morphologies, including chain-like solid carbon particles, hollow carbon nanospheres, and carbon nanoribbons were obtained by adjusting operating conditions. The prepared carbon nanospheres with amorphous structures include amorphous chain-like solid carbon particles with an average particle size of 118 nm and a length range of 300-600 nm, hollow carbon nanospheres with an average diameter of similar to 533 nm, and carbon nanoribbons with an average width of similar to 56 nm and a length of 1000-2000 nm. In addition, a possible growth mechanism of nanostructure carbon materials prepared by the solvothermal method was discussed. The research gives a simple route to obtain carbon materials with different morphologies.