The relevant mechanisms in oil mist filtration and their impact on operational behavior of the filters have received increasing attention in research over the last few years and are qualitatively well understood by now. However, so far the relationship between structural properties of the filter media and the operational behavior of the filters is relatively unknown. For the identification of filtration-relevant structural parameters, textile properties of different filter media were characterized with various methods. The operational behavior of the characterized filter media was then examined and compared.