In this study, we apply a short-term voltage (0.2-0.8 V) to both crude glycerol (CG) and an anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent in a single-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) for power production. This improves the bioelectrogenesis in both CG (in MFC-1) and the AD effluent (in MFC-2), but higher power generation is attained in MFC-2. The use of domestic and synthetic wastewaters in the AD process leads to the generation of 195 and 350 mL H-2/L-medium, respectively. MFC-2 performs better than MFC-1 in terms of both voltage generation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction. The application of 0.8 V yields a power density of 311 mW/m(2) (1.94 times higher than that of the control (160 mW/m(2))). In addition, MFC-2 exhibits a 70% COD removal at 0.8 V, which decreases to 56% at 0.2 V. Thus, the application of a short-term voltage in MFC can stimulate both bioelectrogenesis and COD removal. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.