International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol.44, No.47, 25939-25956, 2019
Spatial and temporal optimization of hydrogen fuel supply chain for light duty passenger vehicles in British Columbia
British Columbia is well positioned to capitalize on its natural resources and its carbon policies towards the development of a hydrogen fueling network. A multi-period optimization model was developed to design a hydrogen fuel supply chain based on a mixed integer linear programming formulation. The model was applied to the light duty passenger vehicle sector in British Columbia under three hydrogen demand scenarios. As part of the objective function, the model incorporated the current provincial emissions mitigation policies, i.e., a carbon tax and a low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS). Based on cost, our model indicates that steam methane reforming (SMR) is the least costly hydrogen production technology even with carbon policies in place. However, SMR would result in higher emissions (compared to other pathways). Coupling the carbon tax with the LCFS can be a suitable policy option when hydrogen price and GHG emissions are weighted equally. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Hydrogen supply chain;Multi-period optimization model;Light duty fuel cell vehicles;Carbon tax;Low carbon fuel standard