In order to prevent accidents in the railway dangerous goods transportation system (RDNGTS), a 24 model is proposed to analyze the risk in this paper. 24 model is a human-oriented and organization-oriented risk analysis model. When this model applied, unsafe material conditions, unsafe human actions, individual factors, safety management system, safety culture and external factors should be analyzed one by one. After that, mutual influence path of the causes of the accident should be analyzed. Finally, the relevance among the four stages should be established and analyzed. The analysis results of the case study show that the accident happened because of the dynamic and nonlinear interaction among the risk factors. In actual operation, senior managers should focus on cultivating the safety culture of the company and establishing a complete security system. Middle managers should increase their training in emergency situations and related safety knowledge. The grassroots managers should focus on supervising the personal unsafe behaviors of front-line employees, supervising the unsafe physical conditions and increasing the safety participation level of front-line employees. Front-line employees should act in accordance with the rules and regulations, and should report to the grassroots management in time when there are any unsafe accidents. As a comparison, the FRAM also be applied to analyze the same accident. Finally, the contrastive analysis results of the two models are presented.