In this study, intrinsic dielectric properties of ZnNb2O6 ceramics were investigated using P-V-L chemical bond theory and far-infrared reflectivity spectra. The largest bond ionicity and bond susceptibility of Nb-O bonds suggest that the dielectric polarizability is mainly determined by Nb-O bonds. Relative permittivity, calculated via P-V-L bond theory, is close to experimental value determined using TE011 mode. The Nb-O bonds are also crucial for the structural stability. According to far-infrared reflectivity spectra and complex dielectric function analysis, a relatively consistent result between calculated and measured dielectric properties, fit using classical damped oscillator mode, indicate that the B-1u mode at 168.87cm(-1) provides majority contribution to the dielectric properties.