화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.120, No.40, 10372-10378, 1998
Solvent effects on carbocation-nucleophile combination reactions : A comparison of pi-nucleophilicity in aqueous and organic solvents
The following selectivities are reported for partitioning of the alpha-(N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl)-4-methoxybenzyl carbocation 1(+) between nucleophilic addition of pi-nucleophiles and a solvent of 50:50 (v:v) acetonitrile/water at 25 degrees C (nucleophile, k(Nu)/k(s)) : pyrrole, 23 M-1; 2-methoxythiophene, approximate to 2 M-1. No nucleophile adducts (<2% of total products) were detected from the reaction of this carbocation in the same solvent containing the following carbon nucleophiles : thiophene (0.10 M), furan (0.10 M), ethyl l-propenyl ether (0.10 M), amd 1-cyclohexenyl trimethylsilyl ether (0.01 M). These results show that only pi-nucleophiles with Mayr nucleophilicity parameters greater than N approximate to 6 are sufficiently reactive to compete with nucleophilic aqueous solvents for addition to 1+, and they provide support for a simple relationship between the Ritchie N+ scale of nucleophilicity in water and the Mayr N scale of nucleophilicity in weakly polar nonnucleophilic solvents.(2,3) Our data require a large effective molarity for the intramolecular addition of a trisubstituted alkene to an allylic carbocation.