Thermal management has become a critical issue to enhance reliability and performance in many research areas including aerospace, electronic devices, and military applications. However, conventional nanocomposites incorporated with highly thermally conducive nanofillers can hardly achieve a desired value, due to the existence of large interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) which constitutes a primary bottleneck. Herein, we report on a bioinspired interfacial engineering strategy to construct a multi-dimensional filler structure composed of 2D graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), 0D AgNPs and bioinspired interfacial PDA layer, namely pGNPs@Ag. The experimental results revealed that a high-efficiency thermal conductivity enhancement was achieved by this strategy, due to that the bridging connections of decorated AgNPs could facilitate the heat transfer across the interfaces. By theoretical simulation and calculation, we also quantitatively demonstrated a decrease of ITR by pGNPs@Ag, leading to a contribution to improve the k of composites. This approach for constructing multidimensional thermally conducive fillers potentially provided a creative opportunity for design and fabrication of high thermally conducive composites in the near future.