In this article, a photo-Fenton wet oxidation scrubbing system was used to remove and oxidize gaseous hydrogen sulfide in an ultraviolet (UV)-bubbling column scrubber. The technical feasibility of the removal process of gaseous hydrogen sulfide using a wet oxidation scrubbing system was verified, and the effect of technological parameters (hydrogen peroxide concentration, UV-light power, ferrous ion concentration, pH value of solution, mixed gas flow rate, reaction temperature, and hydrogen sulfide concentration) on the removal of hydrogen sulfide was researched. Research on removal products and the mechanism of hydrogen sulfide removal was also carried out. Related results showed that a rise in UV-light power and hydrogen peroxide concentration enhanced the removal of hydrogen sulfide. The rise of the hydrogen sulfide concentration, mixed gas flow rate, and reaction temperature weakened the removal of hydrogen sulfide. With the increase of the ferrous ion concentration or pH value of solution, hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency increased at first and then decreased. Hydrogen sulfide was removed through four paths, and the (OH)-O-center dot oxidation was verified as the leading removal path.