Research on damping structural integrated polymers has become an inevitable trend; they develop orientation in modern engineering materials. In this work, two high modulus epoxy resins (VSE and VDE) with superior damping properties were prepared by condensation reaction and addition reaction with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide as dangling chains. The bending modulus of VSE and VDE cured by 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane achieve 5013 and 4869 MPa, respectively. The effective damping temperature range (tan (delta > 0.3) was broadened to 50 degrees C (VSE) and 78 degrees C (VDE). A variety of characterization means indicated that bulky polar groups enhance the viscoelasticity, while maintaining superior mechanical properties by filling vacancies in a cross-linked network. Moreover, the hydrogen bond (H-bond) has been verified to play a key role in the process of energy dissipation. The "rigid-structure dilution" strategy is expected to open new possibilities in prepared damping structural integrated materials.