Vancomycin-resistant bacterial strains pose a serious threat to human health. Efforts to overcome vancomycin resistance by modifying the natural product have shown that the carbohydrates help modulate biological activity. To explore the mechanisms by which the carbohydrates function, it would be useful to have access to vancomycin derivatives containing different disaccharides. We now describe the synthesis of vancomycin from a readily available protected aglycon. This chemistry lays the groundwork for wide-ranging investigations of the roles of the carbohydrates in the biological activity of vancomycin. Moreover, in developing methods to glycosylate vancomcyin, we have extended the utility of the sulfoxide glycosylation reaction considerably by making it possible to use unhindered esters as neighboring groups. The chemistry we describe may also have implications for how to improve some other glycosylation methods.