Inorganic Chemistry, Vol.59, No.1, 913-924, 2020
Ruthenium(II) Conjugates of Boron-Dipyrromethene and Biotin for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy in Red Light
The ruthenium(II) complexes [RuCl(L-1)(L-3)]Cl (1), [RuCl(L-1)(L-4)]Cl (2), [RuCl(L-2)(L 4 )]Cl (3), [RuCl(L-1)-(L-5)]Cl (4), and [RuCl(L-2)(L-5)]Cl (5) of NNN-donor dipicolylamine (dpa) bases (L-4 , L-5) having BODIPY (boron-dipyrromethene) moieties, NN-donor phenanthroline derivatives (L-4 , L-5 ), and benzyldipicolylamine (bzdpa, L-3) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and their cellular localization/uptake and photocytotoxicity studied. Complex 1, as its PF6 salt (1a), has been structurally characterized with help of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. It has a RuN5Cl core with the Cl bonded trans to the amine nitrogen atom of bzdpa. The complexes showed intense absorption spectral bands near 500 nm (epsilon approximate to 58000 cm(-1)) in 2 and 3 and 654 nm (epsilon approximate to 80000 M-1) in 4 and 5 in 1/1 DMSO/DPBS (v/v). Complex 5 having biotin and PEGylated-disteryl BODIPY gave a singlet oxygen quantum yield (Phi(Delta)) of similar to 0.65 in DMSO. Complex 5 exhibited remarkable PDT (photodynamic therapy) activity (IC50 approximate to 0.02 mu M) with a photocytotoxicity index (PI) value of >5000 in red light of 600-720 nm in A549 cancer cells. The biotin-conjugated complexes showed better photocytotoxicity in comparison to nonbiotinylated analogues in A549 cells. The complexes displayed less toxicity in HPL1D normal cells in comparison to A549 cancer cells. The emissive BODIPY complexes 3 and 5 (Phi(F) approximate to 0.07 in DMSO) showed significant mitochondrial localization.