Energy-efficient membranes are urgently needed for water desalination and separation due to ever-increasing demand for fresh water. However, it is extremely challenging to increase membrane water flux and simultaneously achieve high rejection rates of cations or organic dyes. Herein, we report a tannic acid (TA) assisted exfoliation method to fabricate TA-modified MoS2 (TAMoS(2)) nanosheets with high production yield (90 +/- 5%). The TAMoS(2) nanosheets membranes show excellent non-swelling stability in water. It is found that a hybrid membrane with 1 wt% of TAMoS(2) in MoS2 nanosheets demonstrates overall better performance than pure MoS2 and TAMoS(2) membrane. Such a hybrid membrane with a thickness of 5 mu m shows fast water flux at around 32 L m(-2) h(-1) (LMH) and >97% rejection of various cations under static diffusion mode. Under vacuum-driven filtration condition, the as-prepared hybrid membrane demonstrates ultrafast water flux of 15,000 +/- 100 L/(m(2) h bar) and 99.87 +/- 0.1% rejection of multiple model organic dyes. To the best of our knowledge, the above performances are superior to those of all MoS2-based membranes reported previously in terms of water flux and ion/dye rejection. This work represents a leap forward towards the practical applications of 2D TAMoS(2) membranes in various engineering and environmental areas. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.