Boron-substituted carbons, BzC1-z, have been produced by chemical vapor deposition from benzene and boron trichloride precursors at 900-degrees-C. The voltage and reversible capacity of Li/Li(x)(BzC1-z)6 cells were measured for the range of boron concentrations 0 < z < 0.17. These cells show an increase in voltage for a given lithium concentration compared to that in a cell with a pure carbon anode (i.e., petroleum coke, graphite, etc.). In addition, all cells for z > 0 showed greater reversible capacities than Li/coke cells, and for z > 0.10 the capacities exceeded that of graphite. For example, for B0.17C0.83 the reversible specific capacity was 437 mAh/g. This behavior is understood by treating boron as an electron acceptor in the carbon lattice. These materials appear to be promising candidates for anodes in lithium ion rechargeable batteries.