Chemical Engineering Research & Design, Vol.154, 212-231, 2020
Biogas industry: Novel acid gas removal technology using a superacid solvent. Process design, unit specification and feasibility study compared with other existing technologies
A novel purification technology for raw biogas streams is proposed and it is based on the use of a superacid solution within a bubble column reactor. The solvent is a mixture of sulfuric acid (H2SO4(aq), 95.0 wt.%) and acetic acid glacial (CH3COOH(l), >= 99.8 vol.%), both commercial grades. A mixture with a molar ratio of 9/1 for H2SO4(aq),/CH3COOH(l) respectively, leads to the interesting physical and chemical absorption properties for biogas treatment. Process simulations of the technology within a frequently used biomethane production process showed simultaneous capabilities for H2S elimination, CO2 absorption and, siloxanes and volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) complete degradation. A single bubble column reactor was designed for treating 500 Nm(3)/h of raw biogas with H2S content between 400 and 1500 ppmv (dry basis) and for handling a solvent volume flow between 10.23 and 23.39 L/min, depending on the H2S gas content. Proper functioning and hydrodynamic stability of this unit were evaluated in order to avoid possible issues related to bubbles coalescences or break-up, liquid backmixing and mass transfer limitations. Comparison of the proposed technology with methanol-based and monoethanolamine (MEA((aq)))-based absorption processes allowed proving the low energy demands of the proposed unit and the feasible implementation of the technology. (C) 2019 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.