Concentrated suspensions of nanosized \MoS2, \MoS2+Ni7S6, Ni7S6, Fe1- xS, and (NH4)(0.25) center dot WO3 particles with an average size of 273-364 nm have been synthesized from reverse emulsions of aqueous solutions of molybdenum, nickel, iron, and tungsten salts in the presence of a sulfiding agent and hydrogen in oil vacuum distillation residues and tested in oil vacuum distillation residue hydroconversion running in an autoclave and a pilot flow system. The test results have shown that the highest activity in hydrogenolysis reactions is exhibited by Mo-containing catalysts. The kinetic characteristics have been determined; the heat of the hydroconversion process has been calculated.