Color vision is an important part of visual processing and as such, it often needs to be evaluated in the pediatric population. The information on a child's color vision status can often be a very important additional clue in establishing the correct clinical diagnosis. The basic principles of color vision are discussed in this review, as well as congenital and acquired color vision deficiencies. The emphasis is on the evaluation of color vision, especially clinically applicable color vision tests suitable for testing children above the age of 3 years.