There is no single methodology that can map the distribution of hydrogen and relate it to specific crystallographic phases or defect structures. Here, we present a case study demonstrating two methodologies towards achieving this goal: Correlating nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) deuterium maps with electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) data ahead of crack tips in a 304 stainless steel sample fatigue tested in deuterated water, and secondly correlating NanoSIMS deuterium maps with (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) data from focused ion beam (FIB) lift-out samples. Correlating NanoSIMS/EBSD images, we confirmed an association of deuterium with martensitic lath structures. Furthermore, we discovered localized enrich-ments of deuterium along the martensitic laths, with a higher associative preponderance to epsilon-martensite. Applying correlative NanoSIMS/(S)TEM imaging of the fracture surface, we found deuterium accumulation at the metal oxide interface. However, in the pre-crack region, the deuterium was clearly concentrated underneath the oxide layer. (C) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.