Hydroxyapatite [HAP, (Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2))] is an emerging catalytic support possessing exciting features such as high thermal and mechanical strength, chemically stable with low water solubility along with tunable porosity and acid-basic character. Despite of these interesting characteristics, it has not yet been investigated in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Herein, for the first time, HAP-supported cobalt catalysts (Co/HAP) prepared by conventional incipient wetness impregnation method were examined in the FT synthesis process. The catalytic performance of these catalysts was compared with alumina-supported cobalt catalysts (Co/Alumina). HAP support was found to exhibit considerably less acid-site density, consequently, reducing detrimental interactions of the support with cobalt precursors leading to hardly reducible Co species that are generally observed with its alumina counterpart. Co/HAP catalysts exhibit relatively larger Co particle sizes (similar to 9 nm versus similar to 6 nm, as observed from TEM analysis) and better Co reducibility when compared to its counterparts on alumina. FT synthesis at 20 bar, 220 degrees C and H-2/CO = 2.1 showed that the CO conversion was higher on the catalysts (10 wt% Co loading) using HAP as a support material when compared to alumina. Under different testing conditions (220 or 230 degrees C) using the Co/HAP catalyst, the C5+ selectivity was in the range of 82-88%, whereas the methane selectivity was about similar to 10%. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.