In this article, a facile and efficient nanosecond laser processing method was carried out to construct a grid of microgrooves on an aluminum surface. After modification with low surface energy materials, various superhydrophobic surfaces with different water adhesion are obtained. The wetting properties of the obtained samples could be regulated by adjusting the number and line spacing (LS) of laser processing steps. The contact angle of the obtained superhydrophobic samples increased with the decrease in LS, while the sliding angle showed the opposite trend. Increasing the number of laser processing steps is beneficial to increase the contact angle and reduce the sliding angle. The wetting mechanism was analyzed to explain the cause of change in the wetting behaviors. The tribological tests showed that the surface textures of superhydrophobic samples improved their tribological properties. What is more, whether it is under dry friction or water lubrication conditions, the obtained superhydrophobic samples with large LS have good anti-friction and wear-resistant ability. The advantages of the facile preparation and excellent tribological properties will definitely expand the use of laser-machined superhydrophobic surfaces.