This study aimed to develop an optimal set and size model of bioenergy facilities using a GIS framework. Data from sugarcane plantations were used to create case scenarios. Spatial analysis was accomplished by applying a two-phase approach: identification of suitable zones to locate bioenergy facilities and identification of ideal areas. These analyses led to a location-allocation model, using Maximize Capacitated Coverage option, in order to assign sugarcane supply areas to potential bioenergy facilities. Nine themes, as well their respective weights, generated by AHP, were used to create a visual depiction of potential sites. This layer was reclassified into five categories, using Natural Breaks (Jenks) method. Various scenarios of bioenergy plants installation were simulated. Around 50% of the area is unsuitable for bioenergy plants. A total of 1,737 potential sites were detected for implanting bioenergy plants. The best regions to locate bioenergy plants were peripheral areas. Cumulative biomass transportation distances dramatically reduce as the number of facilities increases. There is a reduction of 31% in total and average distances when comparing a 4-plant scenario with a single plant scenario. Proposed scenarios can support decision making with different numbers of bioenergy plants. Proposed methodology can be adapted to areas of other countries. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.