화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.96, 254-268, April, 2021
DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.026  Export Citation
Introducing an effective iron-based catalyst for heterogeneous electro-Fenton removal of Gemcitabine using three-dimensional graphene as cathode
Mahsa Hajiahmadi1, Mahmoud Zarei1, †, and Alireza Khataee2, 3
  • 1Research Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
  • 2Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
  • 3Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey
E-mail:
Five natural iron minerals include hematite, magnetite, siderite, limonite and pyrite as natural sources of iron were investigated to determine the best one which has the highest catalytic ability in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. The process has emerged as a simple, green, cost-effective and efficient method for the removal of persistent and pathogenic anti-cancer drug pollutants like Gemcitabine. On the other hand, different effective factors like the initial concentration of Gemcitabine, the amount of pyrite as the chosen efficient iron mineral, applied current intensity, initial pH and time of treatment process were optimized using response surface methodology to represent the best experimental condition. The role of hydroxyl (ㆍOH) and superoxide anion (ㆍO2-) radicals was monitored using scavengers of active radicals. The degradation efficiency of Gemcitabine and total organic carbon analysis reached 98.33% and 78.2% respectively, in the optimum condition after 5 h of electrolysis. The gained high value of coefficient of 0.995 by analysis of variance indicated the reliability of the presented model. Gas chromatography.mass spectrometry analysis identified nine by-products like small molecules of acids, amides, amines and esters.
Keywords:Advanced oxidation process;Heterogeneous;Electro-Fenton;Iron mineral;Gemcitabine
  1. Oturan MA, Aaron JJ, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 44(23), 2577 (2014)
  2. Brillas E, Sires I, Oturan MA, Chem. Rev., 109(12), 6570 (2009)
  3. Li J, Xiao C, Wang K, Li Y, Zhang G, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53(18), 11023 (2019)
  4. Brillas E, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. (2013).
  5. Radjenovic J, Sedlak DL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49(19), 11292 (2015)
  6. Moreira FC, Boaventura RAR, Brillas E, Vilar VJP, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 202, 217 (2017)
  7. Pouran SR, Raman AAA, Daud WMAW, J. Clean Prod., 64, 24 (2014)
  8. Pignatello JJ, Oliveros E, MacKay A, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36(1), 1 (2006)
  9. Xue XF, Hanna K, Deng NS, J. Hazard. Mater., 166(1), 407 (2009)
  10. Oturan MA, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21(14), 8333 (2014)
  11. Giomo M, Buso A, Fier P, Sandona G, Boye B, Farnia G, Electrochim. Acta, 54(2), 808 (2008)
  12. Drogui P, Elmaleh S, Rumeau M, Bernard C, Rambaud A, J. Appl. Electrochem., 31(8), 877 (2001)
  13. Ozcan A, Oturan MA, Oturan N, Sahin Y, J. Hazard. Mater., 163(2-3), 1213 (2009)
  14. Ozcan A, Sahin Y, Koparal AS, Oturan MA, J. Electroanal. Chem., 616(1-2), 71 (2008)
  15. Yang W, Zhou M, Cai J, Liang L, Ren G, Jiang L, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5, 8070 (2017)
  16. Hasanzadeh A, Khataee A, Zarei M, Joo SW, Chemosphere, 199, 150 (2018)
  17. Khataee AR, Safarpour M, Zarei M, Aber S, J. Electroanal. Chem., 659(1), 63 (2011)
  18. Zarei M, Khataee AR, Ordikhani-Seyedlar R, Fathinia M, Electrochim. Acta, 55(24), 7259 (2010)
  19. Mousset E, Wang ZX, Hammaker J, Lefebvre O, Electrochim. Acta, 214, 217 (2016)
  20. Liu TF, Wang K, Song SQ, Brouzgou A, Tsiakaras P, Wang Y, Electrochim. Acta, 194, 228 (2016)
  21. Yang WL, Zhou MH, Oturan N, Li YW, Oturan MA, Electrochim. Acta, 305, 285 (2019)
  22. Ye S, Liu Y, Feng J, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9(27), 22456 (2017)
  23. Arsalani N, Nasiri R, Zarei M, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 136, 795 (2018)
  24. Ganiyu SO, Zhou MH, Martinez-Huitle CA, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 235, 103 (2018)
  25. Maniakova G, Kowalska K, Murgolo S, Mascolo G, Libralato G, Lofrano G, Sacco O, Guida M, Rizzo L, Sep. Purif. Technol., 236, 116249 (2020)
  26. Poza-Nogueiras V, Rosales E, Pazos M, Sanroman MA, Chemosphere, 201, 399 (2018)
  27. Huang H, Guo T, Wang K, Li Y, Zhang G, Sci. Total Environ., 758, 143957 (2021)
  28. Wu X, Zhao W, Huang Y, Zhang G, Chem. Eng. J., 381, 122768 (2020)
  29. Matta R, Hanna K, Chiron S, Sci. Total Environ., 385(1-3), 242 (2007)
  30. Jia DQ, Sun SP, Wu ZX, Wang N, Jin YY, Dong WY, Chen XD, Ke Q, J. Hazard. Mater., 346, 124 (2018)
  31. Sanchez-Sanchez CM, Exposito E, Casado J, Montiel V, Electrochem. Commun., 9(1), 19 (2007)
  32. Barreiro JC, Capelato MD, Martin-Neto L, Hansen HCB, Water Res., 41, 55 (2007)
  33. Ouiriemmi I, Karrab A, Oturan N, Pazos M, Rozales E, Gadri A, Sanroman MA, Ammar S, Oturan MA, J. Electroanal. Chem., 797, 69 (2017)
  34. Ltaief AH, Sabatino S, Proietto F, Ammar S, Gadri A, Galia A, Scialdone O, Chemosphere, 202, 111 (2018)
  35. Barhoumi N, Olvera-Vargas H, Oturan N, Huguenot D, Gadri A, Ammar S, Brillas E, Oturan MA, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 209, 637 (2017)
  36. Rostamizadeh M, Jafarizad A, Gharibian S, Sep. Purif. Technol., 192, 340 (2018)
  37. Fida H, Zhang G, Guo S, Naeem A, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 490, 859 (2017)
  38. Liu Z, Ma H, Liu J, Xing L, Cheng L, Yang J, Mao B, Zhang Q, Asia-Pacific J. Chem. Eng., 13(1), e2156 (2018)
  39. Hanna K, Kone T, Medjahdi G, Catal. Commun., 9(5), 955 (2008)
  40. de Garcia SA, Pinto GP, Garcia-Encina PA, Irusta-Mata R, Ecotoxicology, 23(8), 1517 (2014)
  41. Elersek T, Milavec S, Korosec M, Brezovsek P, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23(15), 14780 (2016)
  42. Rosal R, Rodriguez A, Perdigon-Melon JA, Petre A, Garcia-Calvo E, Gomez MJ, Aguera A, Fernandez-Alba AR, Water Res., 44(2), 578 (2010)
  43. Toolaram AP, Kummerer K, Schneider M, Mutat. Res. Mutat. Res., 760, 18 (2014)
  44. Kummerer K, Al-Ahmad A, Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol., 25(4), 166 (1997)
  45. Pieczynska A, Borzyszkowska AF, Ofiarska A, Siedlecka EM, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 47(14), 1282 (2017)
  46. Noble S, Goa KL, Drugs, 54, 447 (1997)
  47. Safety data sheet Gemcitabine powder, Actavis, 5 Jan. (2011) Romania Italy.
  48. Zaaba NI, Foo KL, Hashim U, Tan SJ, Liu WW, Voon CH, Procedia Eng., 184, 469 (2017)
  49. Li Y, Zhang L, Hu Z, Yu JC, Nanoscale, 7(25), 10896 (2015)
  50. Zarei M, Nahand FB, Khataee A, Hasanzadeh A, J. Water Process Eng., 32, 100978 (2019)
  51. Zarei M, Salari D, Niaei A, Khataee A, Electrochim. Acta, 54(26), 6651 (2009)
  52. Box GEP, Wilson KB, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B, 13(1), 1 (1951)
  53. Asadi AMS, Malakootian M, Kowsari E, Alidadi H, Optik, 204, 164229 (2020)
  54. Yu T, Breslin CB, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167(12), 126502 (2020)
  55. Dave SH, Gong C, Robertson AW, Warner JH, Grossman JC, ACS Nano, 10(8), 7515 (2016)
  56. Krishnamoorthy K, Meerapandian M, Yun K, Kim SJ, Carbon N. Y., 53, 38 (2013)
  57. Kwan WP, Voelker BM, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37(6), 1150 (2003)
  58. Liu HL, Chiou YR, Chem. Eng. J., 112(1-3), 173 (2005)
  59. Martinez-Huitle CA, Brillas E, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 87(3-4), 105 (2009)
  60. Zhao HY, Wang YJ, Wang YB, Cao TC, Zhao GH, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 125, 120 (2012)
  61. Gracien EB, Jeremie ML, Joseph LKK, Omer MM, Antoine MK, Hercule KM, Gerard MN, SN Appl. Sci., 1(9), 961 (2019)