Two-phase anaerobic co-digestion of lignocellulosic crop residues with animal wastes can efficiently generate more biogas compared with the digestion of animal waste alone. Non-airtight fermentation of the mixed substrates is the primary step to hydrolyze complex organics and achieve simultaneous phosphorus release. Recycling phosphorus from tremendous animal wastes is remarkably meaningful regarding non-renewable resource recovery. In this study, the feasibility of a two-step process combining non-airtight fermentation of potato peels with dairy manure and the following struvite precipitation was explored. The hydrolysis and acidification process of the 6-day non-airtight mesophilic fermentation lowered pH to 6.4 under the highest mixed solid content of 4.8%; meanwhile, the ratio of reactive phosphorus to total phosphorus increased from 49.6 to 93.7% accordingly. Struvite formation was successfully induced by adjusting pH to 8.0 and 9.5. Under these two pHs, the precipitates were dominated by struvite as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) results indicated that there should exist both struvite and calcium phosphate in the precipitates obtained under the two pHs. pH 8.0 precipitate should contain around 75% struvite, while the proportion rose to about 90% for pH 9.5 precipitate, based on the calculation of respective Mg/P and Ca/P molar ratios.