Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have significant advantages for capturing CO2. To further improve the CO2 adsorption performance of MOFs, a compound material of L-arginine modified graphene oxide (GO) with MOFs (MOF/GO-Arg) was synthesized. Introduction of amino acid-functionalized lamellar GO into MOF material not only generated new pores at their interface to improve the adsorption of the MOF but also promoted the CO2 capture at low humidity. The structural and chemical properties of the parent components and composite materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N-2 adsorption-desorption, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dynamic CO2 adsorption properties of the materials were compared under different temperatures, flow rates and humidities. Three kinetic models were used to fit the adsorption curves of the as-synthesized adsorbents under different conditions, and then the optimal dynamic model was determined. Since the reusability of the adsorbents is especially important for the use of these materials in practice, the CO2 adsorption was repeated for 10 cycles under optimal temperature, flow rate and high humidity conditions.