Many chemical processes require complex piping configurations to achieve a variety of objectives such as splitting a stream into multiple parallel streams, blending several streams, bypassing units and interconnecting process units. The plumbing required for effective fluid-mechanics performance and the control structure required for effective dynamic control differ from case to case. Liquid streams need to be handled in a different manner than vapor streams because their incompressibility prohibits having two control valves in series. This paper presents several important examples of process piping configurations and practical control structures for achieving good performance. (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.