Local chemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been developed as a means of defect doping to enhance the near infrared photoluminescence properties of the materials. Wavelength-tunable and exciton trapping-induced bright emission appears from locally functionalized SWCNTs (If-SWCNTs). Molecularly designed If-SWCNTs based on our approach produce new dynamic switching functionalities and greater shifts of the emission wavelength, which gives unique exciton properties to If-SWCNTs.