Low-dimensional materials could improve the interface strength between the epoxy resin and carbon fibers (CFs) in the composites. Four type of low-dimensional powders were employed to functionalize the CFs/epoxy interface, and their reinforcement efficiency were compared by performing CF bundle pull out test. Two kinds of processing methods were adopted to introduce low-dimensional powders, one is coating powders onto the CF surfaces, and the other is adding powders in epoxy resin. It is shown that adding these nano-fillers into the matrix and coating them onto the CF surface resulted in a marked improvement in the interface adhesion. Moreover, the cohesive finite element method was employed to unveil the effect of some uncertain parameters on the measured results.