The purpose of this study was to evaluate the control effect of Bacillus atrophaeus TE7 on Cladosporium cladosporioides of mango fruit and how it effects quality attributes during 'Tainong' mango fruit storage. The results showed that strain TE7 had inhibition ability with the biocontrol efficacy of 85.56%. Furthermore, strain TE7 could produce lipopeptide substance, iturin A, and surfactants, which inhibited the growth and development of C. cladosporioides. Moreover, strain TE7 had the ability of improving the activities of defense response-related enzyme in mangoes. The changes of peel color, flesh firmness, contents of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), and ascorbic acid (Vc) were significantly delayed by strain TE7. The results demonstrated that B. atrophaeus TE7 could be applied as a biocontrol agent for the pathogen C. cladosporioides of mango fruit.