X-ray standing waves (XSW) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) have been applied to the structural study of a monolayer of Sb on cleaved Ge(111). Initial Ge(111) surfaces with 2X1, c(2X8), and 1X1 LEED reconstructions have been obtained by preannealing the 2X1 room temperature cleavage surfaces. Although in all three cases, the Sb deposition followed by a 600-degrees-C anneal on these different initial reconstructions results in a 2X1 or 2X1/2X2 overlayer LEED geometry, the XSW data indicate large differences in the local Sb bonding structure between them. For the initial 2X1 surface, Sb forms Seiwatz chains. Preannealing of the surface causes a decrease in the Sb coherent fraction and an increase of the substrate overlayer distance which is inconsistent with a single site absorption geometry and indicates large disorder of the 1X1 surface prior to the Sb deposition.