Fibrous structures present interesting characteristics as catalyst supports for heat- and mass-transfer-limited reactions. This paper investigates the mass and heat transport behavior of ceramic fiber-based catalysts (catalytic ceramic paper) by applying them to the exothermic reaction of CO2 methanation. Catalytic experiments were carried out to fit the activity of the catalysts with known kinetics. A fixed-bed reactor model was used to determine the efficiency and efficiency losses caused by different transport phenomena, as well as to perform a sensitivity study focused on heat transfer. The results show that heat transfer limitations are the main cause for losses in reactor efficiency, with steep temperature profiles developing inside the reactor. Poor heat transfer limits the development of highly active catalysts, while pressure drop restricts the flow rate and therefore the productivity. The use of ceramic materials with higher thermal conductivity and increasing the fiber diameter are promising approaches to enhance heat transfer, reduce pressure drop, and improve overall reactor performance.