To solve the coating's defects and achieve the goal of lightweight heavy-duty anticorrosive coatings, various two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are introduced to polymeric coatings to prepare long-term high-performance anticorrosive coatings. In this review, we concluded overall design ideas of the composite corrosion-resistant polymer coatings for a wide range of 2D nanomaterials and typically reviewed the development of graphene, boron nitride (BN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), zirconium phosphate (ZrP), MXene (Ti3C2Tx), and binary hybrid nanosheets (0D/2D, 1D/2D, 2D/2D, 3D/2D) in polymeric anticorrosive coatings. Finally, based on the above discussion, the challenges and outlooks in this promising field are featured from the perspective of chemical engineering.