화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol.32, No.2, 205-213, April, 2021
DOI10.14478/ace.2020.1110  Export Citation
Characterisation and Co-pyrolytic Degradation of the Sawdust and Waste Tyre Blends to Study the Effect of Temperature on the Yield of the Products
Erna Rashidah Hj Shazali1, Nurul Afiqah Haji Morni1, Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar1, Ashfaq Ahmed2, 3, †, Abul K Azad1, Neeranuch Phusunti4, and Young-Kwon Park2, †
  • 1Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
  • 2School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
  • 3Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
  • 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
E-mail:,
The present study aimed to determine the effect of co-pyrolysis of sawdust biomass and scrap tyre waste employing different blending ratios of sawdust to waste tyre such as 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The thermochemical characterization of feedstocks was carried out by employing the proximate, ultimate analysis, and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, calorific values, and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SE -EDX) to select the blending ratio having better bioenergy potential amongst the studied ratios. The blending ratio of 25:75 (sawdust to waste tyre) was selected for the co-pyrolysis study in a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor system based on its solid biofuels properties such as heating value (30.18 MJ/kg), and carbon (71.81 wt%) and volatile matter (63.82 wt%) contents. The pyrolysis temperatures were varied as 500, 600 and 700 ℃ while the other parameters such as heating rate and nitrogen flowrate were maintained at 30 ℃/min and 0.5 L/min respectively. The bio-oil yields as 31.9, 47.1 and 61.2 wt%, bio char yields as 34.5, 34.2 and 31.4 wt% and gaseous product yields as 33.6, 18.60 and 7.3 wt% at the pyrolysis temperatures of 500, 600 and 700 ℃ respectively were obtained. The blends of sawdust and waste tyres showed the improved energy characteristics which could provide the solution for the beneficial management of sawdust and scrape tyre wastes via co-pyrolysis processing.
Keywords:Thermochemical characterisation;Co-pyrolysis;Sawdust;Waste tyre;Blending ratio
  1. Ko CH, Park SH, Jeon JK, Suh DJ, Jeong KE, Park YK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 29(12), 1657 (2012)
  2. Abdullah A, Ahmed A, Akhter P, Razzaq A, Zafar M, Hussain M, Shahzad N, Majeed K, Khurrum S, Bakar MSA, Park YK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 37(11), 1899 (2020)
  3. Ahmed A, Abu Bakar MS, Hamdani R, Park YK, Lam SS, et al., Environ. Res., 186, 109596 (2020)
  4. Abdullah A, Ahmed A, Akhter P, Razzaq A, Hussain M, et al., J. Clean Prod., 287, 125047 (2021)
  5. Ahmed A, Abu Bakar MS, Sukri RS, Hussain M, Farooq A, Moogi S, Park YK, Energy Conv. Manag., 42, 541 (2020)
  6. Chowdhury T, Chowdhury H, Ahmed A, Park YK, Chowdhury P, Hossain N, Sait SM, Sustainability, 12, 4447 (2020)
  7. Lee HW, Jun BR, Kim H, Kim DH, Jeon JK, Park SH, Ko CH, Kim TW, Park YK, Energy, 81, 33 (2015)
  8. Ahmed A, Abu Bakar MS, Azad AK, Sukri RS, Mahlia TMI, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 82, 3060 (2017)
  9. Hepbasli A, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 12, 593 (2008)
  10. Miskat MI, Ahmed A, Rahman MS, Chowdhury H, et al., Environ. Eng. Res., 26, 200541 (2021)
  11. Varma AK, Thakur LS, Shankar R, Mondal P, Waste Manage., 89, 224 (2019)
  12. Hamayun MH, Hussain M, Shafiq I, Ahmed A, Park YK, Environ. Eng. Res., 27, 200683 (2022)
  13. Kim JY, Lee HW, Lee SM, Jae J, Park YK, Bioresour. Technol., 279, 373 (2019)
  14. Lee EH, Park RS, Kim H, Park SH, Jung SC, Jeon JK, Kim SC, Park YK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 37, 18 (2016)
  15. Williams A, Jones JM, Ma L, Pourkashanian M, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 38(2), 113 (2012)
  16. Demirbas A, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 30(2), 219 (2004)
  17. Abu Bakar MS, Ahmed A, Jeffery DM, Hidayat S, Sukri RS, et al., Bioresour. Technol., 318, 123913 (2020)
  18. Shen DK, Gu S, Luo KH, Bridgwater AV, Fang MX, Fuel, 88(6), 1024 (2009)
  19. Chowdhury T, Chowdhury H, Ahmed A, Park YK, Chowdhury P, Hossain N, Sait SM, Sustainability, 12, 8583 (2020)
  20. P. Energy Department, Prime Minist. Off. Brunei Darussalam, 44, 903-920 (2014).
  21. Varma AK, Mondal P, Energ. Source. Part A, 38, 2536 (2016)
  22. Singh RK, Mondal S, Ruj B, Sadhukhan AK, Gupta P, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 141, 104 (2019)
  23. Sienkiewicz M, Kucinska-Lipka J, Janik H, Balas A, Waste Manage., 32, 1742 (2012)
  24. Li Q, Li F, Meng A, Tan Z, Zhang Y, Waste Manage., 71, 311 (2018)
  25. Quek A, Balasubramanian R, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 95, 1 (2012)
  26. Seidelt S, Muller-Hagedorn M, Bockhorn H, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 75, 16 (2006)
  27. Quek A, Balasubramanian R, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 101, 1 (2013)
  28. Mui ELK, Ko DCK, McKay G, Carbon, 42, 2789 (2004)
  29. Wang L, Lei H, Ren S, Bu Q, Liang J, Wei Y, Liu Y, et al., J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 98, 194 (2012)
  30. Zanella E, Zassa MD, Navarini L, Canu P, Energy Fuels, 27, 1357 (2013)
  31. Chowdhury T, Chowdhury H, Hossain N, Ahmed A, et al., J. Clean Prod., 44, 122 (2020)
  32. Jamil F, Aslam M, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Bokhari A, Rafiq S, et al., Rev. Chem. Eng., 36, 2356 (2020)
  33. Ansari SH, Ahmed A, Razzaq A, Hildebrandt D, Liu X, Park Y, Environ. Pollut., 266, 103 (2020)
  34. Cao Q, Jin LE, Bao WR, Lv YK, Fuel Process. Technol., 90(3), 337 (2009)
  35. Farooq MZ, Zeeshan M, Iqbal S, Ahmed N, Shah SAY, Energy, 144, 200 (2018)
  36. Hossain MS, Islam ME, Rahman MS, Kader MA, Haniu H, Energy Procedia, 110, 453 (2017)
  37. Martinez JD, Veses A, Mastral AM, Murillo R, Navarro MV, Puy N, Artigues A, Bartroli J, Garcia T, Fuel Process. Technol., 119, 263 (2014)
  38. Sanahuja-Parejo O, Veses A, Navarro MV, Lopez JM, Murillo R, Callen MS, Garcia T, Energy Conv. Manag., 171, 1202 (2018)
  39. Wang L, Chai M, Liu R, Cai J, Bioresour. Technol., 268, 363 (2018).
  40. Shen JF, Zhu SG, Liu XZ, Zhang HL, Tan JJ, Energy Conv. Manag., 51(5), 983 (2010)
  41. Alvarez J, Amutio M, Lopez G, Santamaria L, Bilbao J, Olazar M, Waste Manage., 85, 385 (2019)
  42. Shah SAY, Zeeshan M, Farooq MZ, Ahmed N, Iqbal N, Renew. Energy, 130, 238 (2019)
  43. Ucar S, Karagoz S, Fuel, 173, 85 (2014)
  44. Ahmed A, Abu Bakar MS, Azad AK, Sukri RS, Phusunti N, Energy Conv. Manag., 176, 393 (2018)
  45. Williams CL, Westover TL, Emerson RM, Tumuluru JS, Li C, Bioenergy Res., 9, 1 (2016)
  46. Ahmed A, Hidayat S, Abu Bakar MS, Azad AK, Sukri RS, Phusunti N, Biofuels, 12, 9 (2018)
  47. Kim YM, Jae J, Kim BS, Hong Y, Jung SC, Park YK, Energy Conv. Manag., 149, 966 (2017)
  48. Munir S, Daood SS, Nimmo W, Cunliffe AM, Gibbs BM, Bioresour. Technol., 100(3), 1413 (2009)
  49. Leung DYC, Wang CL, Energy Fuels, 13(2), 421 (1999)
  50. Syed S, Qudaih R, Talab I, Janajreh I, Fuel, 90(4), 1631 (2011)
  51. Yao F, Wu Q, Lei Y, Guo W, Xu Y, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 93, 90 (2008)
  52. Munillo R, Aylon E, Navarro MV, Callen MS, Aranda A, Mastral AM, Fuel Process. Technol., 87(2), 143 (2006)
  53. Lopez G, Aguado R, Olazar M, Arabiourrutia M, Bilbao J, Waste Manage., 29, 2649 (2009)
  54. Idris SS, Rahman NA, Ismail K, Bioresour. Technol., 123, 581 (2012)
  55. Castaldi MJ, Kwon E, Proceedings of 13th Annual North American Waste to Energy Conference, January 01, North America (2005).
  56. Galiani PD, Malmonge JA, Soares BG, Henrique L, Plast. Rubber Compos., 42, 334 (2013)
  57. Tanaka S, Kano S, Lat J, Effendi WM, Tan NP, Arifin A, Sakurai K, Kendawang JJ, J. Trop. For. Sci., 27, 357 (2015)
  58. Yang HP, Yan R, Chen HP, Lee DH, Zheng CG, Fuel, 86(12-13), 1781 (2007)
  59. Abnisa F, Daud WMAW, Energy Conv. Manag., 99, 334 (2015)
  60. Laresgoiti MF, Caballero BM, De Marco I, Torres A, Cabrero MA, Chomon MJ, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 71, 917 (2004)
  61. Moogi SS, Jae J, Kannapu HPR, Ahmed A, Park ED, Park YK, Bioresour. Technol., 315, 123835 (2020)
  62. Ryu HW, Kim DH, Jae J, Lam SS, Park ED, Park YK, Bioresour. Technol., 310, 123 (2020)
  63. Kim BS, Kim YM, Lee HW, Jae J, Kim DH, Jung SC, Watanabe C, Park YK, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 4, 1354 (2016)