Three-dimensional (3D) basswood materials, for the first time, were successfully used for the construction of rare-earth Nd(III)-imprinted nanocomposite membranes. Herein, polydopamine (PDA)-modified layers could be initially synthesized on basswood surfaces. After the double-bonded modification procedure, the 3D wood-based ionic imprinted membranes (3DW-IIMs) system was finally accomplished by developing a re-modified two-step-temperature free radical polymerization process. The as-design PDA@basswood surface structure was first proposed and applied as imprinting-initiated factors for the preparation of Nd(III)-imprinted sites. Importantly, excellent rebinding capacity (120.87 mg g(-1)), adsorption kinetics and permselectivity coefficients (more than 10) were achieved successfully. Furthermore, an important research result had also been found that the PDA-modified layers caused significant promotions to the rebinding capacities of the as-prepared 3DW-IIMs, that is to say, more and more Nd(III)imprinted sites could be synthesized because of the PDA-modified surfaces. The as-obtained selective rebinding and separation results together with the green natural wood-based materials strongly demonstrated that our synthesis methodology of 3DW-IIMs had great potential for applications in various fields of rare earth separation, chemical industry, and environment protection. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.