Peroxidase nanoenzymes exhibit a specific affinity toward substrates, thereby demonstrating application potential for realizing the colorimetric immunoassays of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can be further used as a probe for imaging cancer cells. To enhance the intrinsic peroxidase activity of molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) nanomaterials, gold (Au) nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 2.1 nm were modified on a MoS2/carbon surface (denoted as MoS2/C-Au-600) via ascorbic acid reduction. MoS2/C-Au(600 )can oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate a blue oxidation product in the presence of H2O2; this product exhibits peroxidase-like activities, superior to those of most existing MoS2-based nanoenzymes. Furthermore, MoS2/C-Au-600 exhibits a high detection capability for H2O2 in the range of 1 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(4) mol/L (R-2 = 0.99), and the lowest detection limit is 1.82 mu mol/L in a sodium acetate and acetic acid buffer solution. Steady state kinetics studies indicate that the catalytic mechanism is consistent with the ping-pong mechanism. Given its strong absorption peak at 652 nm in the visible region, MoS2/C-Au-600 can be used to image cancer cells due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Our findings demonstrate that the synergistic electronic coupling between multiple components can enhance the peroxidase activity, which can facilitate the development of an effective, facile, and reliable method to perform colorimetric immunoassays of H2O2 and cancer cells. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.