The nonequilibrium Fermi's golden rule (NE-FGR) describes the time-dependent rate coefficient for electronic transitions when the nuclear degrees of freedom start out in a nonequilibrium state. In this paper, the linearized semiclassical (LSC) approximation of the NE-FGR is used to calculate the photoinduced charge transfer (CT) rates in the carotenoid-porphyrin-C-60 molecular triad dissolved in explicit tetrahydrofuran. The initial nonequilibrium state corresponds to impulsive photoexcitation from the equilibrated ground state to the pi pi* state, and the porphyrin-to-C-60 and carotenoid-to-C-60 CT rates are calculated. Our results show that accounting for the non-equilibrium nature of the initial state significantly enhances the transition rate of the porphyrin-to-C-60 CT process. We also derive the instantaneous Marcus theory (IMT) from LSC NE-FGR, which casts the CT rate coefficients in terms of a Marcus-like expression, with explicitly time-dependent reorganization energy and reaction free energy. IMT is found to reproduce the CT rates in the system under consideration remarkably well.