The study focuses on optoelectronic model of perovskite solar cell using finite element method to optimize the thickness of electron transport and absorber layers implemented using COMSOL multi-physics modeling. The analyzed perovskite solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency of 17.95% for an optimum film thickness of TiO2 (90 nm)/CH3NH3PbI3 (100 nm)/Spiro-OMeTAD (300 nm). The obtained simulated results were examined to improve the efficiency of the device and also to understand the impact of factors affecting the performance of the solar cell. Furthermore, the working potential of perovskite solar cell was explored to demonstrate the impending scope of stepwise progress in the novel technology.