Evaluation of ozone as an efficient and sustainable reagent for chalcopyrite leaching: Process optimization and oxidative mechanism

Jingxiu Wang; Fariborz Faraji; Ahmad Ghahreman

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.104, 333-344, December, 2021

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2021.08.036 Export Citation

Evaluation of ozone as an efficient and sustainable reagent for chalcopyrite leaching: Process optimization and oxidative mechanism

Jingxiu Wang, Fariborz Faraji^†, and Ahmad Ghahreman^†

Hydrometallurgy and Environmental Laboratory, Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen’s University, 25 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada

E-mail:,

Chalcopyrite is the main copper-bearing mineral and is refractory to oxidative leaching. There are many investigations to optimize copper extraction from this mineral but most of the processes are energy intensive and environmental threatening. Ozone at low concentration is an efficient reagent for high extraction of copper from chalcopyrite, which is also ecofriendly. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on the process optimization for both copper and iron extraction from chalcopyrite using ozone. The following variables were tested during 48-h leaching periods: temperature, ferric sulfate, ozone and sulfuric acid concentrations, solid/liquid ratio, and leaching time. Ozone leaching recovered 100% of the copper from chalcopyrite at 25 °Cwithout addition of ferric. The overall reaction kinetics followed the shrinking core model by mixed control of diffusion through the product layer and chemical reactions. The proposed leaching mechanism was verified via various characterization techniques. Green chemistry metrics were evaluated, and the optimized process was demonstrated to be environmentally attractive. Ozone leaching appears to have strong potential as a ‘‘green” and technically feasible method to leach copper from chalcopyrite.

Keywords:Ozonation;Sulfidic ores;Copper;Leaching mechanism;Ferric sulfate;Diffusion inhibition

[References]

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Wen T, Zhao Y, Xiao Q, Ma Q, Kang S, Li H, Song S, Results Phys., 7, 2594 (2017)
Ghomi MA, Mozammel M, Moghanni H, Shahkar L, Hydrometallurgy, 189 (2019)
Nazari G, Dixon DG, Dreisinger DB, Hydrometallurgy, 105, 251 (2011)
Havlik T, Skrobian M, Can. Metall. Q., 29, 133 (1990)
Al-Harahsheh M, Kingman S, Al-Harahsheh A, Hydrometallurgy, 91, 89 (2008)
Sokic M, Markovic B, et al., Metals, 9, 1 (2019)
Havlik T, Laubertova M, Miskufova A, Kondas J, Vranka F, Hydrometallurgy, 77, 51 (2005)
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Nicol MJ, In 4th International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy; AIME: Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 1993.
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[Referenced By]

[1] Wang S, JOM, 57, 48 (2005)

[2] Koleini SMJ, Aghazadeh V, Sandstrom A, Miner. Eng., 24(5), 381 (2011)

[3] Li Y, Kawashima N, Li J, Chandra AP, Gerson AR, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 197, 1 (2013)

[4] Ghahremaninezhad A, Dixon DG, Asselin E, Electrochim. Acta, 87, 97 (2013)

[5] Xian YJ, Wen SM Deng JS, Liu J, Nie Q, Can. Metall. Q., 51, 133 (2012)

[6] Sokic MD, Markovic B, Zivkovic D, Hydrometallurgy, 95, 273 (2009)

[7] Yoon HS, Kim CJ, Chung KW, Lee JY, Shin SM, Kim SR, Jang MH, Kim JH, Lee SI, Yoo SJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 34(6), 1748 (2017)

[8] Wen T, Zhao Y, Xiao Q, Ma Q, Kang S, Li H, Song S, Results Phys., 7, 2594 (2017)

[9] Ghomi MA, Mozammel M, Moghanni H, Shahkar L, Hydrometallurgy, 189 (2019)

[10] Nazari G, Dixon DG, Dreisinger DB, Hydrometallurgy, 105, 251 (2011)

[11] Havlik T, Skrobian M, Can. Metall. Q., 29, 133 (1990)

[12] Al-Harahsheh M, Kingman S, Al-Harahsheh A, Hydrometallurgy, 91, 89 (2008)

[13] Sokic M, Markovic B, et al., Metals, 9, 1 (2019)

[14] Havlik T, Laubertova M, Miskufova A, Kondas J, Vranka F, Hydrometallurgy, 77, 51 (2005)

[15] Liang CL, Xia JL, Nie ZY, Yang Y, Ma CY, Bioresour. Technol., 110, 462 (2012)

[16] Rakovsky S, Anachkov M, Zaikov G, Chem. Chem. Technol., 3, 139 (2009)

[17] Pedroza FRC, Aguilar MDJS, Trevino TP, Luevanos AM, Castillo MS, Min. Proc. Ext. Met. Rev., 33, 269 (2012)

[18] Nava F, Uribe A, Perez R, Eur. J. Miner. Process. Environ. Prot., 3, 316 (2003)

[19] Mubarok MZ, Sukamto K, Ichlas ZT, Sugiarto AT, Miner. Metall. Proc., 35, 133 (2018)

[20] Ukasik M, Havlik T, Hydrometallurgy, 77, 139 (2005)

[21] Tain Q, Wang H, Xin Y, Li D, Guo X, Hydrometallurgy, 159, 126 (2016)

[22] Rodriguez-Rodrigue z C, Nava-Alonso F, Uribe-Salas A, Hydrometallurgy, 149, 168 (2014)

[23] Li Q, Li D, Qian F, Hydrometallurgy, 97, 61 (2009)

[24] Rodriguez-Rodriguez C, Nava-Alonso F, Uribe-Salas A, Can. Metall. Q., 57, 294 (2018)

[25] Carrillo-Pedroza FR, Sanchez-Castillo MA, Soria-Aguilar MJ, Martinez-Luevanos A, Gutierrez EC, Can. Metall. Q., 49, 219 (2010)

[26] Havlik T, Dvorscikova J, Ivanova Z, Kammel R, Metall, 53, 57 (1999)

[27] Krylova LN, Russ. J. Non-Ferr Met., 61, 49 (2020)

[28] Hiroyoshi N, Kuroiwa S, Miki H, Tsunekawa M, Hirajima T, Hydrometallurgy, 74, 103 (2004)

[29] Naderi H, Abdollahy M, Mostoufi N, Koleini MJ, Shojaosadati SA, Manafi Z, Int. J. Miner. Metall., 18, 638 (2011)

[30] Wang J, Faraji F, Ghahreman A, Minerals, 10, 633 (2020)

[31] Hernandez PC, Dupont J, Herreros OO, Jimenez YP, Torres CM, Minerals, 9, 1 (2019)

[32] Guo XY, Xin YT, Hao W, Tian QH, Nonferr T, Metal. Soc., 27, 1888 (2017)

[33] Shin D, Ahn J, Lee J, Hydrometallurgy, 183, 71 (2019)

[34] Zhong S, Li Y, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 8, 3487 (2019)

[35] Thao NTP, Tsuji S, Jeon S, Park I, Tabelin CB, Ito M, Hiroyoshi N, Hydrometallurgy, 194 (2020)

[36] Fomchenko NV, Muravyov MI, Hydrometallurgy, 185, 82 (2019)

[37] Faraji F, Alizadeh A, Rashchi F, Mostoufi N, Rev. Chem. Eng. (in press).

[38] Levenspiel O, Chemical Reaction Engineering, third ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999.

[39] Ghahremaninezhad A, Dixon DG, Asselin E, Hydrometallurgy, 125, 42 (2012)

[40] Nicol MJ, In 4th International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy; AIME: Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 1993.

[41] Bin AK, Ozone Sci. Eng., 28, 67 (2006)