THE slowly activating delayed-rectifier K+ current, I-Ks, modulates the repolarization or cardiac action potentials. The molecular structure of the I-Ks, channel is not known, but physiological data indicate that one component of the I-Ks channel is minK (refs 1-6), a 130-amino-acid protein with a single putative transmembrane domain(7). The size and structure of this protein is such that it is unlikely that minK alone forms functional channels(8,9). We have previously used positional cloning techniques to define a new putative K+-channel gene, KVLQT1(10). Mutations in this gene cause long-QT syndrome, an inherited disorder that increases the risk of sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias. Here se show that KVLQT1 encodes a K+ channel with biophysical properties unlike other known cardiac currents. We considered that K(v)LQT1 might coassemble with another subunit to form functional channels in cardiac myocytes. Coexpression of K(v)LQT1 with minK induced a current that was almost identical to cardiac I-Ks. Therefore, K(v)LQT1 is the subunit that coassembles with minK to form I-Ks channels and I-Ks dysfunction is a cause of cardiac arrhythmia.