Some ideas about low-temperature carbonization (LTC) of organic residues are presented in this paper. They base on the analysis of LTC intermediate and end products by means of capillary gas chromatography, H-1 NMR, EPR as well as on results from kinetic studies carried out under nonisothermal and isothermal conditions. It is shown that during LTC, practically no new aromatic structure is formed from non-aromatic one; for physical and physicochemical reasons only molecules similar in size and structure react together. The changes in the asphaltene aromatic structure during the carbonization process at a constant temperature have been traced. It is shown that the size of individual molecules increases in stages rather than gradually. As for the studied residue, at first three molecules react together gradually or simultaneously and then the resulting molecule may rearrange and solidify. The newly-formed structure reacts only with another similar one. A threshold (critical) concentration of the corresponding reconstructed asphaltene structures of a definite size exists so as benzene-insoluble parts are formed. Six stages of LTC are proposed - from resins to quinoline-insoluble parts illustrated by the estimated mean aromatic structures and their changes, respectively. It is proposed that isothermal inhibition is necessary during the formation of benzene-insoluble compounds to produce a high-quality coke from lower boiling residues. One of the first ideas to explain the mechanism of LTC of heavy oil and other similar residues was the idea of a progressive conversion of their constituents from oils to resins, asphaltenes, carbenes, carboids and finally to coke [1, 2]. The proportion of these components in the carbonizing mixture is determined depending on their solvent solubility and hence, is presumably a physical characteristic. This idea has been supported by studies of the chemical composition of the components in the heavy residues. This was completed by examining the character of the chemical process that occurs either with groups of compounds available in the heavy residue or with model compounds [3]. The chain-radical mechanism of chemical process was proved to occur during coke-formation, especially at the initial degradation stages [4, 5].