Effects of uniaxial compression on the spinodal decomposition (SD) process of a binary mixture of poly(styrene-ran-butadiene) (SBR) and polybutadiene (PB) were studied by using time-resolved light scattering. A given uniaxial compression was imposed on the films which were first subjected to the isothermal demixing at 60 degrees C for various times t(i). Then time changes in the scattering profiles after the compression were observed at 60 degrees C. After the compression, the scattering vector at the maximum scattered intensity in a direction perpendicular to the compression axis q(m) was found to decrease abruptly nearly in accord with affine deformation. In an earlier time after the compression, the vector q(m) remained unchanged with time for a certain period; sometime after the compression (defined as t(comp)), the value q(m) became identical with that observed for the SD processes in the undeformed films and then decreased with time in the same way as that observed for the undeformed films, revealing that a memory effect of the uniaxial compression decays with time during the time evolution process. The Cahn’s linear analysis after the uniaxial compression revealed that the growth rate R(q) of the concentration fluctuations with wave number q depends on t(i), indicating that the SD after the uniaxial compression depends on the initial condition set up by the time t(i) and the given compression deformation. These two results on q(m) and R(q) illustrate the nonlinear nature of the dynamics of the SD process. The scaled structure factors studied as a function of t(i) indicated that they were almost identical to that found for the undeformed case.