Osteoporosis is a disease that is characterized by loss of bone density and alteration of the trabecular microarchitecture. The aim of this work is to validate a technique for evaluating the bone architecture using X-ray pictures. In the first phase, we established a protocol for constructing a 3D numerical model of bone tissue using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Tools capable of both morphological and topological 3D characterization as well as a tool for numerically simulating X-rays were developed and applied using this model. In the second phase, we used these tools to demonstrate the correlations between the 3D characteristics of the cell structure and its X-ray projection.