The implementation of solid biofuels for carbon dioxide mitigation represents a change in the energy system which will have both economic and environmental consequences. This article represents a summary of a state of the art conference which was organised in Sweden in September, 1997. The aim was to bring together economic and environmental expertise in order to secure the grounds for future investments in bioenergy. The sum of the economic and environmental evidence presented at this conference weighs very heavily in favor of bioenergy options.