Sol-gel chemistry has a great many potential applications in the preparation of unique electrochemical materials, from non-equilibrium transition metal oxides which may be of use as high energy density electrodes, to high surface area mixed oxides which may possess high proton conductivity, to novel composite structures consisting of inorganic gels in combination with organic electronic and ionic conductors. This paper reviews prior work on proton conduction in gel systems and presents recent work regarding electrode materials prepared by sol-gel methods and inorganic-organic materials.