Pulsed laser melting and evaporation of superconducting ceramics is simulated numerically. The dynamics of both phase fronts (evaporation and melting/solidification) are analysed during the whole thermal cycle. The appearance of overheated metastable states in the solid and liquid phases as a result of the phase front dynamics and the volume nature of laser energy release is shown. The influence of the volume absorption coefficient (or wavelength of laser radiation) on heat phenomena is analysed.