A new type of Langmuir trough with radial compression is reported for studies of monolayer properties and fabrication of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. The trough included twenty curved diaphragms, which form a circular shape on water and compress monolayers. Typical monolayers of arachidic acid, DL-alpha-phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl, cellulose tridecanoate, and poly(butyl methacrylate) showed reproducible surface pressure-area isotherms with radial compression. Flow profiles were studied of monolayers on cellulose tridecanoate and poly( butyl methacrylate) and suggested that the monolayers are radially compressed with no particular film disturbance. A Wilhelmy glass plate preserved no deflection in the subphase surface from low to high surface pressures during the film compression and decompression; no pressure excess causing the deflection, which is frequently observed in the case of the film compression with a sliding barrier, was found on both sides of the Wilhelmy plate. Application of the radial compression enabled us to do a symmetrical deposition for the fabrication of LB films.