In this paper, preparation of uniaxially oriented films of conjugated polymers, polysilanes and poly(p-phenylenes) (PPP) is investigated. Highly oriented thin films of poly(dimethylsilane) (PDMS were prepared by the friction transfer method. The properties of PDMS films strongly depend on the preparation temperature. At a temperature higher than 210 degrees C, uniform ultrathin films with extremely high orientation were obtained. It is considered that the friction transfer is related to the disorder (hexagonal) phase of PDMS. Other polysilanes, such as poly(diethylsilane) (PDES), poly(di-n-hexylsilane) (PDHS), poly(di-n-butylsilane) and poly(methyliphenylsilane) also afforded oriented films by the same method. Oriented films of PPP were prepared by the friction transfer method. The thin films of the polymers were characterized mainly by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The friction-transferred PDMS and PPP had abilities of orienting other materials. The films of polysilanes, such as PDHS, which were cast on the oriented PDMS from solution, were oriented along the PDMS chain direction. Oriented films of some oligophenylenes were obtained by vapor deposition or cast on the friction-transferred PPP. When the friction-transferred PPP film was immersed into the reaction mixture, a newly oriented PPP film were polymerized on the friction-transferred PPP films.